Frequência de doença arterial coronariana assintomática em pacientes portadores de estenose de artéria renal

Abstract

Em pacientes portadores de estenose de artéria renal (EAR), a doença arterial coronariana (DAC) é uma importante causa de morte. A correlação entre EAR e DAC tem sido descrita, mas nenhum realizou angiografia coronária em pacientes portadores de EAR. O perfil dos pacientes com EAR é semelhante ao daqueles com DAC, visto que ambas as patologias apresentam os mesmos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de aterosclerose sistêmica. O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar a freqüência de DAC em pacientes com EAR angiográfica, referidos à arteriografia renal diagnóstica, com a realização de angiografia coronária no mesmo procedimento. Sessenta e seis pacientes foram avaliados prospectivamente por angiografia renal, no período entre Junho de 2004 a Abril de 2006. Desses, 36 foram excluídos do protocolo, por serem sabidamente portadores de DAC ou não apresentarem EAR. Trinta pacientes com EAR angiográfica, sem investigação prévia para DAC, foram submetidos à angiografia coronária imediatamente após a realização da arteriografia renal. Foi utilizado contraste não-iônico, de baixa osmolaridade, com volume total não-superior a 140mL para os dois exames, para minimizar a injúria renal. A presença e a quantificação do grau de doença coronária à angiografia foram avaliadas por cardiologista intervencionista experiente, sem informação sobre o protocolo em estudo. Dos 30 pacientes, 22 com EAR tinham DAC (73,3% - IC 57,5–89,1%). Oito pacientes tinham DAC multiarterial (36,4%), seis eram biarteriais (27,4%) e oito uniarteriais (36,4%). A idade média foi de 65 ± 11 anos, 13 eram mulheres (43%) e 28 eram brancos (93%). Entre os 13 pacientes com EAR que apresentavam insuficiência cardíaca, 10 (77%) tinham DAC concomitante. Tabagismo foi referido por 20 pacientes (67%) e 13 tinham DAC (65%). Quatro pacientes tinham diabetes e todos tinham DAC. Dislipidemia foi observada em 20 pacientes (67%), 15 com DAC (75%).

In patients with renal artery stenosis (RAS), coronary artery disease (CAD) is an important cause of death. The correlation between RAS and CAD has been described, but no study accomplished coronary angiography in all patients with RAS. The profile of patients with RAS is similar to those with CAD, as both conditions arise from the same risk factors for systemic atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the frequency of CAD in patients with angiographic RAS referred to diagnostic renal arteriography, with the accomplishment of coronary angiography in the same procedure. Methods: Sixty six consecutive patients were evaluated by renal angiography, in the period between June 2004 to April 2006. Thirty six patients were excluded from the protocol for previous diagnosis of CAD or absence of RAS. Thirty patients with angiographic RAS and no previous diagnosis of CAD were submitted to coronary angiography in the same setting of renal angiography. A nonionic contrast medium with a total volume of up to 140 mL for both procedures was used to minimize renal injury. Coronary angiography was performed immediately after and the quantification of arterial obstruction was done by an interventional cardiologist blinded as to the renal study. Results: From 30 patients, 22 (73,3% - CI 57,5%-89,1%) with RAS had CAD. Eight patients had multivessel CAD (36,4%), four had bivessel (27,2%) and eight, univessel (36,4%). The mean age was 65 ± 11 years, 13 women (43%) and 28 patients were white (93%). Among 13 patients with RAS who had heart failure, 10 (77%) had CAD concomitant. Smoking was referred by 20 patients (67%) and 13 had CAD (65%). Four patients had diabetes and all with CAD. Hypercholesterolemia was observed in 20 patients (67%), 15 had CAD (75%). Stroke was referred by eight patients (27%), seven had CAD (87,5%) and 17 had peripheral disease, 13 with CAD (76,5%). Six patients had stroke and PVD (30%) and five (83%) had CAD.