Desafios internacionais à política agrícola norte-americana: o contencioso do algodão entre Brasil e Estados Unidos e o CAFTA-DR

Abstract

O objetivo da dissertação é analisar a capacidade de eventos internacionais gerarem modificação em políticas públicas nos Estados Unidos. Para tanto, dois desafios internacionais a uma política tradicional dos Estados Unidos, a Farm Bill, foram analisados. Os casos são o contencioso do algodão entre Brasil e Estados Unidos na OMC e a ratificação pelo Congresso do CAFTA-DR. A análise foi conduzida à luz da literatura que trata das relações entre política doméstica e relações internacionais. Concluiu-se que os desafios internacionais tiveram sucesso parcial e que esse sucesso teve relação com o engajamento de atores domésticos norte-americanos, sobretudo do Executivo, em modificar a política agrícola em uma direção convergente com a pretendida pelos desafiadores. Os desafios, no entanto, não geraram estímulo suficiente para uma reforma estrutural abrangente da política agrícola até o momento. Palavras-chave: Estados Unidos; política agrícola; política comercial; algodão; CAFTADR Abstract This dissertation has the purpose to analyze the capacity of international events to cause changes in U.S. public policies. To do so, two challenges to a traditional U.S. policy, the Farm Bill, were analyzed. The cases are the cotton dispute between Brazil and the U.S. in the WTO, and the ratification of the CAFTA-DR by Congress. The analysis were conducted in the light of the literature about domestic politics and international relations. It is concluded that the international challenges had partial success and that that success was related to the engagement of U.S. domestic actors, mainly the Executive, in changing the agricultural policy to challengers´ intended direction. The challanges, however, didn’t produce enough incentive to a comprehensive structural reform of agricultural policy so far.

This dissertation has the purpose to analyze the capacity of international events to cause changes in U.S. public policies. To do so, two challenges to a traditional U.S. policy, the Farm Bill, were analyzed. The cases are the cotton dispute between Brazil and the U.S. in the WTO, and the ratification of the CAFTA-DR by Congress. The analysis were conducted in the light of the literature about domestic politics and international relations. It is concluded that the international challenges had partial success and that that success was related to the engagement of U.S. domestic actors, mainly the Executive, in changing the agricultural policy to challengers´ intended direction. The challanges, however, didn’t produce enough incentive to a comprehensive structural reform of agricultural policy so far.