Biodegradação de biodiesel de origem animal

Abstract

Isolou-se uma cepa de levedura do tratamento biológico do efluente da Refinaria de Paulínia – SP. Esta levedura foi submetida a alguns ensaios preliminares e mostrou-se capaz de biodegradar lipídios vegetais, gorduras animais e hidrocarbonetos. Diante destas características metabólicas providenciou-se a sua taxonomia resultando após análise molecular do genoma na espécie Candida viswanathii. Pelas suas propriedades hidrolíticas, procurou-se verificar nesta pesquisa a sua capacidade da em degradar biodiesel de origem animal, mediante o emprego do método respirométrico de Bartha e Pramer. Como suporte para esta avaliação utilizou-se solo arenoso, pH 4,0, 8,0g/dm3 de matéria orgânica, coletado na Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, coordenadas geográficas (S 21°13’V e 0 47º 49’W). Procurou-se avaliar a capacidade de biodegradar biodiesel desta levedura com a quantidade de água sugerida no próprio método de respirometria isto é, de 70% da capacidade de campo (CC) e com quantidade adicional para 90% da CC. Constatou-se nos experimentos realizados que capacidade de campo diminui a eficiência da respirometria no tratamento em que havia biodiesel e o solo apresentava 90% da CC. Nos tratamentos com levedura e biodiesel tanto em 70 como 90% da CC houve maior evolução de CO2. Comparando-se os ensaios com biodiesel e adição da levedura, verificou-se que na ausência da C. viswanathii a produção de CO2 foi 4% menor. Nos tratamentos em que apenas o biodiesel foi acrescentado verificou-se que a microbiota autóctone do solo também promove a biodegradação e conseqüente biorremediação indicando que, mesmo os microrganismos existentes no solo possuem a capacidade de degradar biodiesel e promover a biorremediação.

A stream of yeast was isolated from biological treatment of effluent from the refinery in Paulinia - SP. This yeast has been subjected to some preliminary tests and was capable of biodegradability vegetable oil, animal fat and hydrocarbon. Facing these metabolic characteristics, has provided its taxonomy and after molecular analysis of the genome resulted in Candida viswanathii species. For its hydrolytic properties, this research tried to verify its ability to degrade biodiesel from animal fat, by the use of the of Bartha and Pramer’s respirometry method. As support for this research, was utilized a sandy soil, pH 4,0; 8,0 g/dm3 of organic material, collected from Itirapina’s Ecologic Station, geographic co-ordinates (S 21° 13’V and 0 47º 49’W). C. viswanathii was isolated from oil refinery effluent after biological treatment. The research evaluated the yeast’s capacity of biodiesel degradation with the same quantity of water suggested by respirometric method, which means, at 70% of field capacity (FC) and with additional quantity to 90% of FC. It was found on the control experiments realized that the respirometric’s efficiency was lower in the treatment with biodiesel and the soil was 90% of FC (with more quantity of water). On treatments those containing the yeast and biodiesel, either at 70 or 90% FC there were more production of CO2. Comparing the treatments with biodiesel and yeast’s addition, it was found that the production of CO2 decreases 4% in the yeast absence. On treatments where only biodiesel was added it was observed that the soil’s autochthon microbiota also promoted the biodegradation and consequent bioremediation. This result indicates that even microorganisms from soil have the capacity to degrade biodiesel and promote the bioremediation of contaminated areas.