Terapia dietética com triglicerídeos de cadeia média(TCM) como coadjuvante do tratamento fisioterapêutico em mulheres portadoras de linfedema de membro superior

Abstract

O linfedema de Membro Superior (MS) e a principal complicacao decorrente da cirurgia e tratamento do cancer (CA) de mama e e causado pela destruicao dos canais de drenagem axilar em virtude da cirurgia, radioterapia ou pela progressao regional da doenca. Esta pesquisa teve o intuito de verificar a influencia da ingestao de triglicerideos de cadeia media (TCM) associada ao tratamento fisioterapeutico em mulheres portadoras de linfedema de MS pos-cirurgia de CA de mama. Para tanto, teve a participacao de 14 mulheres mastectomizadas que apresentavam linfedema de MS homolateral a cirurgia, com idade media de 64}12 anos e Indice de Massa Corporea (IMC) de 27}4,1 kg/m2. Apos avaliacao nutricional foram divididas, aleatoriamente, em dois grupos: Grupo Controle (n=7), submetido ao tratamento fisioterapeutico constando da terapia complexa descongestiva (massagem classica, drenagem linfatica manual, bandagem compressiva e cuidados com a pele), 3 vezes na semana, durante 8 semanas e automassagem nas 2 semanas seguintes; Grupo TCM (n=7), submetido ao mesmo protocolo fisioterapeutico somado ao tratamento dietetico diario com ingestao de TCM, por 10 semanas. O linfedema foi avaliado atraves da cirtometria, da volumetria, das pregas cutaneas e pela quantidade de agua corporal total. As sensacoes de desconforto, peso e dor no MS acometido foram coletadas por escalas visuais analogas (EVA). Ao final da intervencao, a cirtometria, a volumetria e as pregas cutaneas tricipital e bicipital mostraram diferencas significativas entre os grupos (p.0,05), com uma maior reducao do linfedema no grupo TCM. As sensacoes de desconforto e peso no membro foram significativamente menores na comparacao inicial e final no grupo TCM. Nao houve diferencas na quantidade de agua corporal total.

The lymphedema of upper-extremity (UE) is the main complication due to the surgery and treatment of the breast cancer and it is caused by the destruction of the channels of axillary drainage because of the surgery, radiation therapy or by the local progression of the disease. This research had the intention of verifying the influence of the intakes of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) associated to the physiotherapeutic treatment in the lymphedema of the upper-extremity of postmastectomy women. For this research, it counted with the participation of 14 postmastectomy women who presented lymphedema of upper-extremity at the same side to the surgery, with medium age 64}12 years old and Body Mass Index (BMI) of 27}4,1 kg/m2. After nutritional evaluation they were divided, at ramdom, in two groups: Control Group (n=7), submitted to the physiotherapeutic treatment consisting of the complex decongestive therapy (classic massage, manual lymphatic drainage, compression bandage and cares with the skin), three times a week, during eight weeks and self-massage in the two following weeks; MCT Group (n=7), submitted to the same physiotherapeutic protocol in addition to the daily dietotherapy with intakes of MCT, during ten weeks. The lymphedema was evaluated by the circumferential and volumetric measures, by skin folds of arm with lymphedema and by the amount of total body water. The sensations of discomfort, pain and weight in the UE were collected by visual analogue scales (VAS). At the end of the intervention, the circumferential and volumetric measures, and the tricipital and bicipital skin folds showed significant differences among the groups (p.0,05), with a larger reduction of the lymphedema in the MCT Group. The sensations of discomfort and weight in the UE were significantly smaller in the final comparison related to the initial in the MCT Group.