Qualidade e conservação pós-colheita de cultivares de goiaba: inteiras e minimamente processadas

Abstract

O objetivo foi estabelecer a importância do estádio de maturação e da refrigeração, na conservação de goiabas Kumagai, Paluma, Pedro Sato, Sassaoka e Século XXI e avaliar a qualidade dos seus produtos minimamente processados (PMP). Frutos “de vez” e maduros foram armazenados a 21ºC e a 10ºC e avaliados a cada 2-3 dias. Nos PMP, os frutos foram descascados, cortados ao meio, as sementes eliminadas, enxaguados com água clorada, embalados, armazenados a 3°C (75%UR) e avaliados a cada 2 dias. Os frutos e os PMP foram avaliados quanto aos teores de ácido ascórbico (AA), sólidos solúveis (SS) e acidez titulável (AT), massa fresca e cor. Os frutos quanto à atividade antioxidante total (AAT), ABTS e FRAP, polifenóis extraíveis totais (PExT), resistência, aparência e podridões e os PMP quanto ao rendimento e microbiologicamente. A vida útil dos frutos maduros, a 21ºC, foi de 4 dias para a Kumagai, Paluma, Sassaoka e Sec XXI, e de 2 dias para a P Sato. A 10ºC, goiabas Kumagai e Sassaoka conservaram-se por 9 dias, enquanto Paluma, P Sato e Sec XXI por 6 dias. Goiabas “de vez”, Kumagai, Paluma e Sassaoka, a 21ºC apresentaram vida útil de 6 dias, que se prolongou para 12 dias a 10ºC. Goiabas P Sato e Sec XXI, a 21ºC apresentaram vida útil de 4 dias, que aumentou para 9 dias a 10ºC. Goiabas Sassaoka apresentaram a maior vida útil, os maiores teores de SS e os menores de AT e mantiveram os teores de PExT, com aumento na AAT (ABTS), e nos teores de AA. A vida útil dos PMP foi de 12 dias. O rendimento das goiabas P Sato, em PMP não descascado, foi o maior, 69,65%. Os PMP feitos com goiabas descascadas apresentaram menor rendimento, maior perda de massa e os menores teores de AA

The objective was to establish the importance of maturation stage and of refrigeration for the conservation of Kumagai, Paluma, Pedro Sato, and Sassaoka Século XXI guavas and to evaluate the quality of its minimally processed products (PMP). Fruit in mature and ripe stage were stored at 21ºC and 10ºC and evaluated every 2-3 days. In PMP, the fruits were peeled, cut in the midle, had seeds removed, were rinsed with chlorinated water, packaged, stored at 3°C (75% RH) and evaluated every 2 days. PMP and intact fruits were evaluated by ascorbic acid (AA), soluble solids (SS) and titratable acidity (TA) content, fresh mass and color. Intact fruits were also evaluated by total antioxidant activity (TAA), ABTS and FRAP, total polyphenols extractable total (PExT), resistence, appearance and rotting evolution and PMP for yield and microbiologically. The shelf life of ripe fruit, at 21ºC, was 4 days for Kumagai, Paluma, Sassaoka and Sec XXI, and 2 days for P Sato. At 10ºC, Kumagai and Sassaoka guavas were preserved for 9 days, while Paluma, P Sato and Sec XXI for 6 days. Mature guavas, Kumagai, Paluma and Sassaoka, at 21ºC showed shelf life of 6 days, which prolonged for 12 days at 10°C. P Sato a nd Sec XXI guavas, at 21ºC had shelf life of 4 days, which increased to 9 days when kept at 10°C. Sassaoka guavas had the biggest shelf life and SS content, the lowest AT content, kept the PExT content the same, with increasing values for AAT (ABTS), and AA content. The shelf life of PMP was 12 days. The yield of P Sato guava, in not peeled PMP, was 69.65%, the highest. The PMP made with peeled guavas had lower yield, higher weight loss and the lowest AA content