Associação do herbicida Tebuthiuron com a cobertura de palha no controle de plantas daninhas no sistema de cana-crua

Abstract

Considerando que a palha pode alterar a dinâmica do herbicida tebuthiuron no sistema de cana-crua e, complementar a ação do herbicida este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficácia da associação do tebuthiuron, com a cobertura de palha, no controle das plantas daninhas que ocorrem em cana-crua. Foram avaliadas diferentes doses e modos de aplicação, de maneira a complementar os diferentes níveis de disponibilidade do tebuthiuron no solo. Avaliou-se também em condições controladas, a eficiência do tebuthiuron associado à presença da palha sobre Brachiaria plantaginea, Brachiaria decumbens e Ipomoea grandifolia. No estudo de campo, as espécies utilizadas foram: Ipomoea grandifolia, Cenchrus echinatus, Brachiaria decumbens, Digitaria horizontalis; Sida rhombifolia, Euphorbia heterophylla, Bidens pilosa, Brachiaria plantaginea, Eleusine indica e Panicum maximum. Foram utilizadas quantidades de palha, correspondentes a 0, 5, 10 e 20 t ha-1, e aplicando-se em cada quantidade, tebuthiuron a 0, 250, 500, 750 e 1000 g i.a. ha-1 sob a palha e 2000 g i.a. ha-1 sobre a palha (5; 10 e 20 t ha-1) além da mistura comercial hexazinone+diuron na dose de 264 + 936 g i.a. ha-1 aplicado sobre a palha (20 t ha-1), totalizando 24 tratamentos. Para o estudo de eficiência do tebuthiuron associado à presença de palha sobre as plantas daninhas, foi conduzido um experimento em vasos, em casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos constaram de diferentes posicionamentos do herbicida e condições antes e após a aplicação. Avaliou-se a porcentagem de controle das plantas daninhas aos 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 e 56 DAA e a biomassa seca aos 56 DAA...

The sugarcane straw can change the tebuthiuron dynamic in raw cane system and complement the herbicide action. This research aimed to evaluating the tebuthiuron and straw cover combination on weed control in raw sugarcane. Different rates and application timings were tested. The tebuthiuron effectiveness associated to straw presence, under controlled conditions, was evaluated on Brachiaria plantaginea, Brachiaria decumbens and Ipomoea grandifolia. In the field study, the species used were Ipomoea grandifolia, Cenchrus echinatus, Brachiaria decumbens, Digitaria horizontalis; Sida rhombifolia, Euphorbia heterophylla, Bidens pilosa, Brachiaria plantaginea, Eleusine indica and Panicum maximum. Different amounts of straw, previously weighed, were used corresponding to 0, 5, 10 and 20 t ha-1 and for each quantity was sprayed tebuthiuron at 0, 250, 500, 750 e 1000 g ai ha-1 under the straw and 2000 g ai ha-1 on the sugarcane (5; 10 and 20 t ha-1) and other treatment with commercial mixture hexazinona+diuron at rates 264 + 936 g ai ha-1 were applied on the straw (20 t.ha-1), totalling 24 treatments. One trial in pots was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of tebuthiuron (associated or not to the straw) on weeds. The treatments were different herbicide positions and conditions before and after the application. The weed control percents at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 e 56DAA and dry biomass at 56DAA were evaluated. The percents of the applied rate that reached the straw and the soil were 82.03 and 82.38%, respectively. The decomposition percent of sugarcane straw was about 70%, at 120 DAA. At 100 DAA, the most of the tebuthiuron was found on the superficial soil layer (0 to 10 cm). S. rhombifolia, E. heterophylla and B. Pilosa were effectively controlled by the straw in amounts ranging from 5 to 20 t ha-1...(Complete abastract click electronic access below)