Efeito de linhagens e substratos no crescimento miceliano e na produtividade em cultivo axênico de shiitake (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler)

Abstract

Foram estudadas as interações entre quatro fórmulas de substratos e as linhagens LE 96/17, LE 98/51, LE 98/53 e LE 98/56 na cinética de crescimento micelial e produção do cogumelo Shiitake (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler), em cultivo axênico, no primeiro fluxo. As linhagens utilizadas foram provenientes da Micoteca do Módulo de Cogumelos da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - UNESP - Campus de Botucatu. Os isolados foram obtidos por via vegetativa, pela técnica de fragmentos de basidiocarpos e repicados em meio de cultura de serragem-dextrose-ágar. No estudo da cinética de crescimento miceliano, avaliaram-se os parâmetros crescimento em área (mm2) e vigor, em meio de cultura, através de monitoramento digital. O crescimento das linhagens de L. edodes foi fotografado diariamente, até a colonização total do meio de cultura, em placa de Petri. As fotos digitais, foram analisadas pelo programa UTHSCSA ImageTool, versão 2.0, 1997, desenvolvido pela University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas. Para avaliar a produção do L. edodes, foram utilizados os parâmetros massa fresca dos cogumelos, número total de cogumelos, massa fresca média do cogumelo e Eficiência Biológica (EB=(g cogumelo fresco g-1substrato seco)x100). Para tanto, foram utilizados sacos de polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD), com 20cm de largura por 40 cm de comprimento, nos quais foram...

It was studied the interaction among four substratum formula and the strains LE 96/17, LE 98/51, LE 98/53 and LE 98/56 on mycelium growth kinetics and shiitake mushroom yield at the first flush of the axenic sawdust culture. The strains were from the mycological collection of the Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Unesp de Botucatu. Mycelium fragments were transferred to a Petri dish with Sawdust-Dextrose-Agar medium. Mycelium growth kinetics was evaluated by measuring mycelium growth area and vigor on Petri dishes with digital camera and the program UTHSCSA ImageTool, version 2.0, 1997, developed by the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas. The mushroom yield was evaluated by the Biological Efficiency (BE), total fresh mass and number of mushrooms. The fungus was cultivated in plastic bags of 20 x 40 cm and with 1200g ±10g of substratum. After autoclaved at 121ºC for 4 h the mycelium was inoculated and the bags incubated at 24ºC for 123 days. Primordia were induced at temperature of 8ºC for 72 h in a cold room and after that soaked in cold water at the same temperature for 48 h. It was observed that the best statistical model of curve that adjusts for mycelium growth kinetics was the Gompertz function. The vigor evaluated by mycelium color was in the maximum value between the 4th and 5th day of incubation. The highest yield of mushroom was from substrate with smaller than higher quantity of brain (wheat and rice bran). The higher quantity of bran inhibited the yield. Strains LE 96/17 e 98/56 had the highest yield (174,2 and 145,2 g kg-1, respectively) and the highest BE (40,3 and 33,3%, respectively) on 14 days of culture, the highest value found in this researched literature.