Desenvolvimento, rendimento, teor e componentes do óleo essencial em função de adubação orgânica e rebroto de Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. cv. CPQBA-1

Abstract

O presente trabalho teve por objetivos investigar o desenvolvimento e o teor de óleo essencial, bem como identificar os componentes químicos da parte aérea de Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. cv. CPQBA-1, em função de teores de adubo orgânico e rebrotos. As mudas, obtidas a partir de sementes, foram transplantadas para a área experimental do Departamento de Produção Vegetal – Setor Horticultura (UNESP – FCA/Botucatu), no espaçamento de 0,6 x 0,6 m entre plantas e entre linhas. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, cinco doses de composto orgânico: 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 t.ha-1 e controle (0 t.ha-1), totalizando 24 parcelas contendo, 12 plantas úteis em cada uma. As variáveis analisadas foram: altura (cm), diâmetro da planta (cm), matéria seca (kg.ha-1), matéria fresca (kg.ha-1), teor de água (%), teor de óleo essencial (%) e componentes químicos do óleo essencial presentes na parte aérea. Foram realizadas colheitas: 120, 242 e 365 DAT. Após cada colheita as plantas foram pesadas, desidratadas em estufa artificial para obtenção da matéria seca e, destiladas em aparelho do tipo Clevenger para obtenção do óleo essencial. Posteriormente, o óleo essencial foi analisado em cromatógrafo a gás acoplado a espectrômetro de massas (CG-EM). Os resultados das análises de campo foram comparados por meio da análise estatística de regressão e os resultados das análises dos componentes principais foram analisados pelo teste Tukey...

The present study aimed to investigate the development and essential oil content, and identify the chemical compounds from aerial part of Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. cv. CPQBA-1, submitted on levels of organic fertilizer and regrowth. The seedlings were obtained from seeds and transplanted to experimental area from Department of Plant Production - Horticulture Sector (UNESP - FCA / Botucatu), spaced 0.6 x 0.6 m between plants and between rows. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications, five dosages of organic fertilizer: 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 t.ha- 1 and control (0 t.ha- 1), totaling 24 plots containing 12 useful plants each one. The variables analyzed were: height (cm), plant diameter (cm), dry matter (kg.ha-1), fresh matter (kg.ha- 1), water content (%), oil content (%) and chemical compounds of the essential oil from aerial part. Samples were taken at 120, 242 and 365 DAT. After each harvest the plants were weighed, dried in an oven to obtain the dry matter and was distilled in apparatus of Clevenger type to obtain the essential oil. Subsequently, the essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The results of field were compared by and regression analysis and the results of the chemical components were analyzed by Tukey test at 5 %. The cultivar showed suffer little influence of organic fertilizer rates for the variables: height (120, 242 and 365 DAT), dry and fresh weight (365 DAT), and essential oil content (120, 242 and 365 DAT). The cultivar showed satisfactory correlation for the variables: plant diameter (120 and 365 DAT) and fresh matter (242 DAT). Furthermore, was highly influenced by the levels of...