Eficácia anti-helmíntica comparativa da associação albendazole, levamisole e ivermectina à moxidectina 1% em ovinos naturalmente infectados por nematódeos gastrintestinais

Abstract

Para avaliar a eficácia anti-helmíntica da associação Albendazole, Levamisole e Ivermectina comparativamente a Moxidectina 1% foram realizados dois experimentos utilizando ovinos naturalmente infectados por nematódeos gastrintestinais. No primeiro teste, 24 ovinos foram distribuídos em três tratamentos experimentais com oito animais cada, assim definidos: T1 ovinos tratados com a associação Albendazole, Levamisole e Ivermectina; T2 ovinos tratados com Moxidectina 1% e T3 ovinos sem tratamento anti-helmíntico (controle). Contagens de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) foram realizadas nos dias 1, 3, 5 e 7 após os tratamentos e, nesta última data, todos os ovinos foram necropsiados, sendo quantificados e identificados, quanto ao gênero e espécie, todos os helmintos encontrados no trato gastrintestinal. Tanto na redução de OPG quanto na eficácia contra as diferentes espécies de helmintos identificadas observou-se superioridade da associação Albendazole, Levamisole e Ivermectina. Até mesmo contra Haemonchus contortus a eficácia da associação (93%) foi superior à Moxidectina 1% (51,4%). No segundo teste, foram utilizadas 27 fêmeas ovinas de diferentes categorias (borregas e ovelhas) distribuídas nos três tratamentos experimentais previamente citados, com nove animais cada. Foram avaliados três dias após o tratamento (DPT) e, repetidas no 7o, 14o e 24o DPT, além dos parâmetros parasitológicos, as concentrações séricas do ferro, cobre e cobalto e a variação de peso corporal das fêmeas ovinas. Novamente a associação anti-helmíntica mostrou-se estatisticamente superior (P<0,05) no controle da verminose. A concentração sérica de ferro foi superior nos ovinos tratados com Moxidectina 1%, enquanto, os níveis de cobre e cobalto foram superiores nos ovinos que receberam Albendazole, Levamisole e Ivermectina.

Two experiments with sheep naturally infected by gastrointestinal nematodes were carried out to compare the anthelminthic efficacy of the association Albendazol, Levamisol and Ivermectin to 1% Moxidectin. In the first experiment, 24 sheep were distributed in three treatments with eight animals each: T1 treatment with the association Albendazol, Levamisol and Ivermectin; T2 treatment with 1% Moxidectin; T3 untreated control. Egg counts were performed 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after treatment, and results were expressed as eggs per gram of feces (EPG). On the day of the last egg count, sheep were submitted to necropsy and all helminths found in the gastrointestinal tract were counted and identified (genus and species). The association Albendazol, Levamisol and Ivermectin has shown to be more efficient in reducing EPG and the population of helminth species, even Haemonchus contortus, with a control rate of 93% against 51.4% of Moxidectin. In the second experiment, 27 female sheep of different categories (ewe lambs and ewe) were distributed in the same treatments described above. Parasitological parameters, body weight variation and iron, copper and cobalt concentrations in the serum were determined three days after treatment (DAT), 7th, 14th and 24th DAT. Again, the anthelminthic association was significantly superior (P<0.05) to control helminth parasites. The concentration of iron was higher in serum of animals treated with 1% Moxidectin, while the levels of copper and cobalt were higher in animals treated with Albendazol, Levamisol and Ivermectin. No significant differences were observed for weight variation or animal age. The results from both experiments showed that the association Albendazol, Levamisol and Ivermectin was more efficient in controlling and treating gastrointestinal helminthosis of naturally infected sheep.